Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin—a hormone that regulates blood sugar—or cannot use insulin effectively. There are three main types: Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells; Type 2 diabetes, which usually develops due to insulin resistance often linked to lifestyle and genetic factors; and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy and may increase the risk of developing diabetes later in life.

Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, slow-healing wounds, blurred vision, and recurrent infections. If left untreated, high blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, vision problems, and foot ulcers.

Diagnosis is made through blood tests that measure fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, or HbA1c levels. Early detection is crucial to managing the condition and preventing complications. Treatment depends on the type and severity of diabetes and typically includes a combination of lifestyle modifications, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and medications. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy, while Type 2 diabetes may be managed with oral medications, insulin, or other injectable drugs as needed.

Lifestyle management plays a key role in controlling diabetes. Monitoring blood sugar, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive sugar and processed foods, and staying active help regulate blood glucose levels. With proper treatment and regular medical care, individuals with diabetes can lead healthy, active lives while minimizing the risk of long-term complications.