Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and irritated skin. It commonly begins in childhood but can affect people of all ages. Eczema is not contagious and tends to occur in individuals with a personal or family history of allergies, asthma, or allergic rhinitis. The condition is linked to a weakened skin barrier, which allows moisture to escape and irritants and allergens to enter the skin more easily.

The main symptoms of eczema include intense itching, redness, dryness, and scaly or cracked skin. In severe cases, the affected areas may become swollen, ooze, or develop crusts due to scratching and secondary infection. Commonly affected areas include the face, hands, elbows, knees, and neck, though it can appear anywhere on the body. Symptoms often occur in cycles, with periods of flare-ups followed by times of improvement.

Various factors can trigger or worsen eczema, such as exposure to soaps, detergents, rough fabrics, extreme temperatures, stress, and allergens like pollen or dust mites. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical examination and medical history. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation, and preventing flare-ups. This may include regular use of moisturizers, topical medications, and avoiding known triggers.

Although eczema is a long-term condition with no permanent cure, effective management can greatly improve comfort and skin health. Establishing a gentle skincare routine, keeping the skin well moisturized, and following medical advice are key to controlling the condition. With proper care and awareness, individuals with eczema can lead comfortable and active lives.